1.4.3. PROBLEM: LOCAL COMMUNITY SAFETY IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS In urban environments, MA organisations may be required to operate in close proximity to the affected community. These communities will likely be in a state of flux, with people returning to their homes and starting to rebuild their lives. Such is the motivation to return home that these communities are often prepared to take considerable risks in the process. This needs to be taken into account when urban MA survey and clearance operations are planned. For example, local communities have been known to remove explosive contamination from their properties to areas that have already been cleared by MA organisations. Community engagement is one of the primary means to mitigate this risk and should be started at the earliest opportunity. This engagement should use effective communication channels with the affected community at risk and go some way towards developing risk-reduction strategies. On a task site level, good communication with local inhabitants and multi-agency liaison with local authorities has benefitted the information collection process as well as streamlining the task site cordon and control aspects. This can be supported by other activities such as EO risk education for the affected communities.
Key to community engagement is the use of community liaison officers, however all staff should be aware and trained in its importance.
ׁ HINT. As with all MA operations, community engagement should be conducted using approaches that build confidence and ensure that no gender, ethnic, religious or tribal group is marginalised. MA organisations should be aware that densely populated urban environments can be comprised of a multitude of diverse communities that all identify by different ethnicities and / or religions. Key qualities that an organisation should look for in staff are an interest and concern for the local community and an appropriate level of empathy. Specific training to enhance knowledge, skills and attitudes should then be provided by the MA organisation.
1.4.4. PROBLEM: SUITABLE LIGHT FOR IED BUILDING SEARCH The majority of IED search techniques requires the ability to conduct detailed visual observations. This includes both manual search techniques, and search techniques using optics and cameras. By studying the environment and taking into account the IED threat assessment, vital information can be gained on potential indicators and signs of IED emplacement, as well as other EO and non-explosive hazards.
ׁ WARNING. IED search inside buildings can only be conducted accurately and safely when light levels are appropriate.
SOLUTION
A minimum of two light sources should be provided if the natural light levels hinder visual observation of IED signs and indicators. This will allow light from at least two angles to assist in the visual identification of EO and indicators, and provide safe exiting of the building should one light source fail. At least one light source should be handheld enabling it to be focused in a precise direction. It is recommended that the other light source be mounted on the ground or on a tripod, usually allowing for a more powerful light source to be used. This will enable the light source to be used when the searcher needs both hands to conduct other techniques and procedures.
ׁ WARNING. Light sensitive sensors have been used as switches in IEDs but this is uncommon. An MA threat assessment should consider an armed group’s capability and opportunity to use light sensitive devices.
Introduction
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