1.5.3.CONFINED SPACES A confined space is any place where there is a risk from lack of oxygen, presence of poisonous gases, fumes or vapours, movement of liquids or solids, fire and explosion, dust or heat. Additionally, confined or enclosed spaces may restrict entry and exit, and in turn reduce the ability to conduct effective clearance and casualty evacuation. Consider Image 19 and the access to a silo. If a detonation occurred, or a low oxygen environment was encountered, how would the staff member be evacuated? Factors to consider here would be the possible damage to the structure and the availability of specialist equipment and stretchers. Response plans would need to be briefed and rehearsed by the team.
Silo (confined space)
Image 19. Image showing a potential confined space
Indicators for identifying whether a confined space is hazardous include:
• Previously sealed area with little or no ventilation;
• Low-lying space, inside or out (excavations);
• Lack of passage or use of the space;
• Presence of rotting or degrading materials such as metal (rust), faeces, waste matter or litter;
• Commercially available gas sensors warning of the presence of toxic gases or lack of oxygen.
Hazardous confined spaces include, but are not limited to:
• Fuel tanks
• Silos
• Storage bins
• Hoppers
• Vaults
• Pits
• Manholes
• Equipment housings
• Ductwork
• Pipelines
• Tunnels
Introduction
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