4.2. TYPES OF SIGNS In addition to the six categories explored above, mine action (MA) staff can divide signs into two types according to their position: top signs and ground signs. The dividing line between the two types is normally taken at ankle height.
4.2.1. TOP SIGN
This is a sign above ankle height that can be associated with the emplacement of an IED. This may include:
• Grooves in tiles or paving slabs due to their removal.
• Unusual regularity in walls or ceilings.
• Changes in colour and unnatural position of vegetation.
Image 55. A difficult-to-spot IED component - possible radio- controlled improvised explosive device (RCIED) antenna
Image 56. Observing from different heights and against different backgrounds
IED signs
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