1 Table of contents 502

IED Clearance Good Practice Guide

The GICHD has developed an IED Clearance Good Practice Guide with the aim of sharing information across the mine action sector to assist in safe, effective and efficient IED search and disposal activities as part of a broader IED clearance process. The guide provides technical content related to specific techniques and procedures but is not intended to replace training or technical publications supplied by equipment providers. This guide is intended to be used to inform the development of National Mine Action Standards (NMAS) and organisational level Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), including staff training and policy related to IEDs.

Introduction		9
Scope		11
Guidance on using this publication		13
Chapter 1 Introduction to IEDs in mine action		15
1. General considerations for IED clearance		16
1.1. Technical overview of an IED		17
1.2. IED categorisation		18
2. IED threat assessment		19
2.1. Information sources		21
2.2. Operational threat assessment process triad		25
2.3. Operational threat assessment output		29
2.4. Operational threat assessment – scenario examples		30
3. Technical IED capabilities		40
3.1. Time IEDs		41
3.2. Command IEDs		44
3.3. Victim operated IEDs		49
3.4. Vehicle-borne IEDs		55
3.5. Projected or dropped IEDs		57
3.6. Scenario examples		60
4. Lexicon of acronyms		74
5. Glossary of terms		76
Chapter 2 Search		85
1. Introduction		87
1.1. Scope		87
1.2. General search principles		88
1.3. IED clearance parameters		95
1.4. Worksite safety		96
1.5. Management of non-explosive hazards		103
1.6. Mitigating additional hazards		110
2. Search planning and execution		111
2.1. Introduction		111
2.2. Stages of IED search		111
2.3. Support to IEDD spot tasks		131
Annexes C1-C4. Search planning and execution forms		132
3. Search core skills and procedures		168
3.1. Introduction		168
3.2. Core skill 1 – Visual search		172
3.3. Core skill 2 – Visual search using an aid		176
3.4. Core skill 3 – Use of detectors in IED search		186
3.5. Core skill 4 – Fingertip search		191
3.6. Core skill 5 – Marking		193
3.7. Core skill 6 – Excavation and confirmation		196
3.8. Core skill 7 – Semi-remote search (hook and line)		203
3.9. Core skill 8 – Dealing with vegetation		211
3.10. Core skill 9 – Handovers during manual search		214
4. Clearance reporting		217
4.1. Post clearance activities		217
4.2. Information management and reporting		220
5. Management of training		224
5.1. Recommended minimum competencies for IED search		224
5.2. Key considerations		225
5.3. Urban IED search training		226
5.4. Management of training		227
5.5. Training assessments		228
5.6. IED risk education		229
6. Lexicon of acronyms		231
Chapter 3 Improvised Explosive Device Disposal		235
1. IEDD in mine action – overview		237
1.1. Introduction		237
1.2. Scope		238
1.3. Mine action IEDD guiding philosophy		239
1.4. General principles		241
1.5. Mandatory actions		248
1.6. Working practices		250
1.7. Management oversight and referrals		260
2. IED tactics		263
2.1. Time IEDs		263
2.2. Command IEDs		269
2.3. Victim operated IEDs (VOIEDs)		276
2.4. IEDs targeting disposal procedures		286
2.5. Person borne suicide IEDs		289
2.6. Projected IEDs		291
2.7. Vehicle borne IEDs		295
3. IEDD task conduct		302
3.1. Task conduct and phases		302
3.2. Home-made explosives		329
4. IEDD techniques and procedures		335
4.1. MA IEDD equipment options		335
4.2. ROV actions including manipulator, disruptor and cutter		337
4.3. Hook and line		342
4.4. Barrel disruptors		353
4.5. Bottle disruptors		361
4.6. Shaped charges		375
4.7. Shaped charge effects		383
4.8. Demolition in situ		384
4.9. Pyrotechnic torch / thermite lance		389
4.10. Human remains clearance		393
4.11. Use of UAVs during humanitarian IEDD		396
4.12. Portable digital X-ray		399
4.13. Vehicle clearance		403
4.14. VBIED disruptors and extractors		408
4.15. Initiator and detonator safety		425
5. Lexicon of acronyms		430
Chapter 4 IED Indicators and Ground Sign Awareness Handbook		433
1. Scope		435
2. Using this handbook		436
3. IED indicators		438
3.1. The basics		438
3.2. CAGE (Channelling, Aiming markers, Ground sign, Environment)		442
3.3. The Big 5		450
4. IED signs		455
4.1. Categories of signs		455
4.2. Types of signs		467
4.3. Classification of signs		470
4.4. Factors that affect signs		472
4.5. Determining the age of a sign		477
4.6. Information gained from signs		479
4.7. Methods of interpretation of signs		480
5. Scenario examples		481
5.1. Scenario 1 – Iraq - Defensive IED belts		481
5.2. Scenario 2 – Afghanistan foot patrol route		485
5.3. Scenario 3 – Command IED		490
6. Conclusion		495
7. Lexicon of acronyms		496
8. Glossary of terms		497

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